CONDOM

PRERNA FOR IAS

CONDOM

1. Definition of Condom

A condom is a barrier method of contraception used to prevent pregnancy and reduce the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It works by creating a physical barrier that prevents sperm from entering the female reproductive tract and reaching the egg. Condoms are available for both males and females and are usually made from latex, polyurethane, or polyisoprene. They are inexpensive, widely available, and easy to use. When used correctly and consistently during every act of sexual intercourse, condoms provide effective protection against unintended pregnancy and many sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, making them an important public health tool.

2. Types of Condom

There are two main types of condoms: the male condom and the female condom. The male condom is a thin sheath worn over the erect penis before sexual intercourse. It collects semen after ejaculation and prevents sperm from entering the female reproductive tract. The female condom is a soft, flexible pouch inserted into the vagina before intercourse. It lines the vaginal canal and acts as a barrier against sperm. Both types help prevent pregnancy and reduce the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Choosing the correct size and using the condom properly improves safety and effectiveness.

3. Mechanism of Action

A condom works as a physical barrier that blocks sperm from entering the uterus and reaching the ovum. During ejaculation, semen is collected inside the condom instead of entering the female reproductive tract. As a result, fertilization cannot occur, preventing pregnancy. Condoms also prevent direct contact between body fluids and genital tissues, reducing the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and syphilis. Unlike hormonal contraceptives, condoms do not affect ovulation, hormone levels, or the menstrual cycle. Their effectiveness depends on correct and consistent use throughout every sexual act without damage or leakage.

4. Advantages of Condoms