COPPER T (IUD)

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COPPER T (IUD)

1. Copper T (IUD) – Definition

Copper T, also known as the Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD), is a small, T-shaped, non-hormonal contraceptive device inserted into the uterus by a trained healthcare professional to prevent pregnancy. It is one of the most effective reversible methods of birth control, with an effectiveness of over 99%. The device is made of plastic and wrapped with copper wire, which releases copper ions inside the uterus. These ions interfere with sperm function and prevent fertilization. Since it contains no hormones, Copper T does not affect ovulation or normal hormone levels and fertility returns after removal.

2. Structure of Copper T

Copper T is a T-shaped plastic device designed to fit comfortably inside the uterus. Its vertical stem and horizontal arms are wrapped with copper wire or copper sleeves, which slowly release copper ions over several years. A thin plastic thread extends through the cervix into the vagina, allowing healthcare providers to check its position and remove it easily when required. The copper component is responsible for its contraceptive action. The simple yet effective design ensures long-term protection against pregnancy while remaining lightweight, flexible, and suitable for most women who desire a reversible, hormone-free contraceptive method.

3. Mechanism of Action

Copper T prevents pregnancy by releasing copper ions (Cu²⁺) into the uterus and fallopian tubes. Copper is toxic to sperm, reducing their motility, viability, and fertilizing ability, making it difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize the egg. It also produces a local inflammatory reaction in the uterus that changes the uterine environment, making it unsuitable for fertilization and implantation of a fertilized egg. Unlike hormonal contraceptives, Copper T does not stop ovulation. Instead, it mainly prevents fertilization and implantation, providing long-lasting and highly effective contraception without altering the body's natural hormonal cycle.

4. Duration of Effectiveness