FARMER / CIVIL REBELLIONS-2

PRERNA FOR IAS

         Mehnat Aapki, Guidance Humari

         Roz ki Prelims Practice — Experts ke Saath

FARMER / CIVIL REBELLIONS-2

1. Santhal Rebellion (1855–1856)

The Santhal Rebellion, also known as the Santhal Hul, was one of the largest tribal uprisings against British rule. It was led by Sidhu Murmu and Kanhu Murmu in present-day Jharkhand. The Santhals revolted against oppressive landlords, moneylenders, and British officials who exploited them through unfair taxes and debts. Thousands of Santhals participated in the movement and established temporary control over several areas. The British used modern weapons to suppress the rebellion, causing heavy casualties. Despite its failure, the uprising became a symbol of tribal courage and significantly influenced future tribal resistance movements.

2. Kherwar Movement (1874)

The Kherwar Movement was started in 1874 among the Santhal tribes by Bhagirath Manjhi. It aimed to reform tribal society and free it from social evils while resisting British exploitation. The movement encouraged unity, religious reform, and the protection of tribal identity. It also opposed the influence of landlords and moneylenders who exploited tribal communities. Although largely peaceful, the movement reflected growing dissatisfaction with colonial rule. The Kherwar Movement strengthened tribal consciousness and inspired later social and political movements. It played an important role in preserving Santhal culture and promoting self-respect among tribal people.

3. Tana Bhagat Movement (1914)

The Tana Bhagat Movement began in 1914 under the leadership of Jatra Bhagat among the Oraon tribe in present-day Jharkhand. The movement promoted religious reform, non-violence, social discipline, and moral values. It opposed British taxes, forced labour, and exploitation by landlords. Later, the Tana Bhagats supported Mahatma Gandhi's principles of truth, non-violence, and non-cooperation. They participated actively in the Indian freedom movement while maintaining their distinct tribal identity. The movement is remembered for combining tribal reform with nationalist ideals and for encouraging peaceful resistance against colonial oppression.

4. Gunda and Jhumar Rebellion (1867–1868)