PITUITARY GLAND

PRERNA FOR IAS

PITUITARY GLAND

1. Growth Hormone (GH / Somatotropin)

Growth Hormone (GH), also known as Somatotropin, is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in the growth and development of bones, muscles, and body tissues. GH stimulates protein synthesis, increases cell division, and promotes overall body growth during childhood and adolescence. It also helps regulate metabolism by increasing fat breakdown and maintaining blood glucose levels. Deficiency of GH in childhood can lead to dwarfism, while excessive secretion may cause gigantism or acromegaly. Because of its vital role in physical growth and tissue repair, GH is considered one of the most important pituitary hormones.

2. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH / Thyrotropin)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), also called Thyrotropin, is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. Its primary function is to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones, mainly thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃). These hormones regulate metabolism, growth, energy production, and body temperature. TSH plays a key role in maintaining normal thyroid function through a feedback mechanism involving the hypothalamus and thyroid gland. Abnormal TSH levels can indicate thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Thus, TSH is essential for metabolic balance and overall physiological health.

3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH / Corticotropin)