WORLD VIEW & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

WORLD VIEW & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

SUMMARY

1) What This Topic is Doing

• Works as a compact global governance dashboard.
• Explains:
• • Structure of the UN system,
  • Evolution of global governance after World Wars,
  • Global SDG performance snapshot,
  • Country-wise SDG comparison grid.
• Integrates institutions + development + country performance.

PART A — UN System and the Logic of World Governance

2) UN as a Network of Organs

• UN is not a single “world government.”
• It is a system of organs and specialized agencies.
• Different institutions handle:
• • Peace & security,
  • Development,
  • Law,
  • Health,
  • Finance,
  • Education,
  • Labour standards.

3) Functional Division of UN Organs

• Clear separation of mandates:
• • Security → Security Council.
  • Development → ECOSOC & agencies.
  • Legal order → ICJ.
  • Coordination → Secretariat.
• Useful for UPSC answers requiring institutional clarity.

4) Security Council as Hard-Power Core

• Most powerful organ.
• Can pass binding resolutions.
• Reflects post-World War II power structure.
• Important for debates on veto and reform.

5) Permanent Members & Power Politics

• P5 reflects 1945 global balance.
• UN prevents war but embeds power hierarchy.
• Ongoing legitimacy debate (Global South reforms).

PART B — Evolution of Global Governance

6) War as Institutional Catalyst

• World Wars exposed costs of an unregulated system.
• Institutions created to prevent future global conflict.

7) League of Nations Lesson

• Failed due to weak enforcement & contradictions.
• UN designed as improved version.

8) Governance Beyond the UN

• Post-1945: financial, development, humanitarian institutions expanded.
• Governance = network of regimes.

9) From War Prevention to Global Public Goods

• Focus shifted to:
• • Climate,
  • Pandemics,
  • Migration,
  • Cyber stability,
  • Sustainable development.
• Development now a global governance issue.

PART C — World SDG Trends (2015–2025)

10) SDG Snapshot

• Global “report card” toward 2030.
• Progress exists but uneven and insufficient.

11) Income-Based Disparities

• High-income → closer to targets.
• Low-income → lagging.
• Progress depends on institutions & fiscal capacity.

12) Global Average Score