Article 89 outlines the roles of Rajya Sabha Chairman and Deputy Chairman, their election, resignation, removal, and powers in parliamentary functioning.

Explore Alauddin Khilji's siege of Chittorgarh, the Jauhar of Rajput women, and Saka tradition. Learn about medieval history and Rajput resistance in 1303 CE.

Learn about Akbar, the greatest Mughal emperor who pioneered Sulh-e-Kul policy for religious tolerance and reformed administration through the Mansabdari system.

Learn about global wind patterns including Hadley Cell, Ferrel Cell, Trade Winds, and Westerlies. Understand how atmospheric circulation systems shape Earth's climate.

Learn about glaciers, their types, zones, and dynamics. Explore valley glaciers, continental ice sheets, accumulation and ablation zones, and their role in freshwater storage.

Learn about earthquakes, seismic waves, fault lines, and tectonic activity. Understand P-waves, S-waves, epicenters, and how seismographs detect earthquakes for disaster preparedness.

Learn how deserts form through moist winds, mountain barriers, and the rain-shadow effect. Explore windward and leeward sides of mountain ranges.

Learn about planetary wind systems: polar easterlies, trade winds, westerlies, and pressure belts. Understand how global atmospheric circulation patterns influence weather and climate.

Explore ocean floor relief features including continental shelves, slopes, abyssal plains, mid-ocean ridges, trenches, and seamounts. Learn about seafloor geology and marine formations.

Learn about major ocean currents including Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, and Humboldt Current. Understand how ocean currents affect climate, weather, and marine ecosystems.