ROCK CYCLE

PRERNA FOR IAS

ROCK CYCLE

1. Igneous Rock

Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies. If cooling occurs beneath the Earth's surface, intrusive igneous rocks such as granite are formed. If lava cools on the surface, extrusive igneous rocks such as basalt are produced. These rocks are usually hard, crystalline, and resistant to erosion. Igneous rocks form the foundation of the Earth's crust and are considered the primary rocks from which other rock types develop. They contain valuable minerals and are widely used in construction. Through weathering and erosion, igneous rocks break down into sediments, contributing to the continuous rock cycle.

2. Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sediments over long periods. These sediments may consist of rock fragments, minerals, plant remains, or animal remains deposited by water, wind, or ice. Common examples include sandstone, shale, and limestone. Sedimentary rocks often occur in distinct layers called strata and may contain fossils, making them important for studying Earth's history. They cover much of the Earth's surface and are valuable sources of coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Over time, sedimentary rocks can be transformed into metamorphic rocks under intense heat and pressure within the Earth.

3. Metamorphic Rock

Metamorphic rocks ar