TROPICAL CYCLONE

PRERNA FOR IAS

TROPICAL CYCLONE

1. Tropical Cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a powerful low-pressure weather system that develops over warm tropical oceans. It is characterized by strong winds, heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, and a rotating circulation. Tropical cyclones form when warm, moist air rises from the ocean surface, creating a low-pressure area. As more air rushes in and rises, the system gains strength. The Earth's rotation causes the storm to spin, forming a circular structure. Tropical cyclones can cause flooding, storm surges, landslides, and severe damage to coastal regions. They are called hurricanes, typhoons, or cyclones depending on the ocean basin where they occur.

2. Warm Ocean Water

Warm ocean water is the primary energy source for tropical cyclones. Cyclones generally form over seas where surface temperatures exceed 26.5°C. The warm water causes rapid evaporation, adding moisture to the atmosphere. As this moist air rises and condenses into clouds, it releases latent heat, which fuels the storm and increases its intensity. The warmer the ocean, the greater the potential for cyclone development. Tropical oceans in regions such as the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and Pacific Ocean often provide ideal conditions. Without sufficiently warm water, a tropical cyclone cannot form or maintain its strength.

3. Low-Pressure Area